RESULTS

         It is fact that during both mobile battles and trench battles the commanders of both parties made erroneous decisions and applications which do not conform with academic criteria and which exceed the boundaries of normal logic.
       In fact, the attempt of the British Navy to pass through the Dardanelles in the absence of the collaboration of land forces served as an alarm signal for the Turkish Command-in-Chief and the action of the British with insufficient force in the beginning and their inability in determining the points of landing resulted in complete failure.
       That the battles of Dardanelles are not considered a defeat by British historians is nothing but a consolation. The words of Mitterand, one of the prime ministers of France, show that the consideration mentioned above can not be true: "By closing the Strait,the Turks caused the war to extend two more years, and caused the Allies to loose millions of lives and suffer a damage of thousans of millions."

        Coastal defense at the Dardanelles was organized on the basis of an opposite judgement despite the propositions of all Turkish officers. In this organization, Liman von Sanders, the Commander of the 5th Army enabled the landing troops to take position at the shore instead of destroying them before stepping on the ground.
       If the Turkish Army were organized according to the propositions of Turkish officers and the British and French troops before or at least at the moment they stepped on the shore, the disaster of Dardanelles would not occur at all.
       Erroneous decisions made in brains thinking individually and which may create the most dangerous results were prevented by the conscious and skilled conduct of Turkish commanders and officers and particularly by Turkish soldiers who fought by humiliating their lives.
       Although considering all the aforemantioned criticism correct, the contribution, even if in small scale, of a few high- or low-ranked German officers commissioned in the Turkish Army to Turkish fighting power with supplies of guns, machine guns and ammunition can not be denied.
       Even this small scale assistance created unforgettable feelings of friendship and left nice memories in Turks.
        Lieutenant Colonel Mustafa Kemal, the commander of the 19th Division acted on his own initiative and reorganixed, to an extent, the error of Liman Von Sanders in the defense line by launching counter-attacks and preventing the occurrence of an enormous disaster was the creator of the miracle of Dardanelles.
       The committee of officers participating in the battles of Dardanelles passed the most vital examination of their lives both in term of tactics and logistics and therefore, Turkish steering was accepted once more.
       The factors which render the battles of Dardanelles unique, are the violent, merciless and obstinate attacks and counter-attacks which were undertaken beyond the rules of a battle and under the pressure of celestial atmosphere. The visit organized by the Ministry of Defense and other Government Members to enhance the morales of personnel fighting in the battles of Dardanelles and to immortalize the events experienced there achieved the intended results and indicated that Turkish commanders were well aware of moral strenght which was as much significant as the weapons of the army and immortalization of the battles in the form of music, painting, prose or poem resulted in the accumulation of self-confidence and determination of fighting both in the fighters of the battles of Dardanelles and in their grandsons.
       Logistic activities were carried out almost uninterruptedly during the battles. Food requirements of soldiers were met to the extent of prevailing conditions and particularly attampt was made to feed the soldiers with food of high caloric content.
       Attention was paid in rendering medical treatment to ill and wounded personnel and through the intervals of ceasefires. The corpses of personnel killed in battle were buried thus preventing demoralization of fighters and avoiding outbreak of epidemics.
       The victory achieved by Turkish troops with their unbelievable will power and determination, despite the conditions of poverty they were in while fighting, has a considerable value beyond praise. Turkish defense conducted by skilled hands both narrowed the area of operation and directed the flow of battles.
       Despite its numerous deficiencies and needs, the Turkish Army defeated the most powerful and the biggest navy of the world, forced the superior Allied Armies supported with modern arms and equipment to get stuck in a narrow band of shore and even made it repemt to have been landed on the shore.
       Hundred thousands of Turkish officers and soldiers lost their lives at the Dardanelles. The Turkish Army overwhelming in a consuense of unique fearlesness and enterprise, the Turkish Nation which was nicknamed as the "sick man" overthrew the self-inconfidence stemming from the Balkan War and proved to the whole world the existence of a heroic nation within the Ottoman Empire suffering a death agony.
       The Great Leader Ataturk summarized the significance of the victory of Dardanelles and the bloodshed o achieve that victory, through Þukru Kaya, the Mimister of Interior Affairs of that time visiting Canakkale (the Dardanelles) to participate in an Anzac anniversary, as follows:
"The martyrs laying here!.. We commemorate you with respect and gratitude. Had you not been here and stretched your chests against steel castles, the Strait would be trespassed, Istanbul would be occupied and the homeland would be invaded."